Wild birds are driving the current U.S. bird flu outbreak
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Wild birds are driving the current U.S. bird flu outbreak
Penn Vet’s Louise Moncla has tracked H5N1 viruses in North America to better understand the role wild birds play in the current bird flu outbreak.
4 min. read
Since late 2021, a panzootic, or “a pandemic in animals,” of highly pathogenic bird flu variant H5N1 has devastated wild birds, agriculture, and mammals. Unlike previous outbreaks, aggressive culling of domestic birds has not contained it, and the viruses continue to infect a broad range of species, including wild birds and mammals rarely affected before, suggesting that transmission patterns have shifted since 2022.
Now, in a new study looking at how these viruses were introduced and spread in North America, Louise H. Moncla from the School of Veterinary Medicine and her team have found that wild birds are critical drivers of the ongoing bird flu outbreak in the United States. Their findings are published in Nature.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses—those responsible for bird flu outbreaks—continue to pose challenges for human and animal health.
“The picture for HPAI influenza has really changed for North America and the U.S. in the last couple of years,” says Moncla. “This used to be a virus that primarily circulated in Asia, Northern Africa, and domestic birds. But in more recent years, we’ve seen increasing outbreaks across Europe, associated with wild birds, and since 2022, we’ve also had similar outbreaks in our North American birds.”
Using publicly available databases from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Environment Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada, the Canadian Wildlife Health Centre, and the United State Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the researchers traced the introduction and spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses during the first 18 months in North America using genomic sequencing and migratory flyway analysis.
“The main conclusion from this study is that that outbreak was really different from all of the past ones we have had in North America because these viruses were spread primarily by wild migrating birds,” says Moncla. “Our data pinpoint the Anseriformes, which are ducks, geese, and swans.”
She notes that the since 2020, when an evolutionary shift occurred, H5N1 has become better adapted to infect wild birds, meaning that it can be spread much more efficiently when wild birds migrate. “This was happening in Europe—Europe had almost the exact same thing happen that we had in 2022. They just had it 2 years earlier.”
However, Moncla explains, H5N1 viruses in North America are still classified foreign animal diseases. “Our policy is based on the idea that these viruses come from elsewhere and don’t circulate continuously in our birds here,” she says. “Our study shows that this is no longer the case, and so we need to update our policy to align with this reality.”
This study also found that agricultural outbreaks were the result of repeated introductions of the virus from wild birds, says Moncla. In addition, backyard birds—populations of fewer than 1,000 domestic birds as defined by the U.S.D.A. and World Animal Health Organization—on average, were infected approximately nine days earlier than commercial poultry, suggesting these populations might serve as an early warning signal.
“These populations have a lot of different epidemiological features,” says Moncla. “The farms are smaller. They tend to have less biosecurity. These birds have a much higher likelihood of being raised outdoors with potentially more access to wild birds.”
Previous viruses transmitted really well between domestic chickens and turkeys, says Moncla, so stopping transmission in commercial farms would stop the outbreak. But transmission by wild migrating birds presents a challenge.
The solution? “A series of boring things,” says Moncla.
“We need to keep investing in biosecurity—biosecurity does work—making sure that people have good biosecurity plans, both to prevent transmission to other farms but also to prevent wild birds from interacting with their domestic birds,” she says, adding that a layered approach to encouraging adherence to these physical and/or behavioral protocols that prevent introduction of these viruses would also be needed.
“At some point we probably will need to investigate vaccinating domestic birds as a possibility,” she continues, adding that investing in novel ways to keep domestic and wild bird separated would also help reduce spillovers. Finally, continuous surveillance in wild birds, especially Anseriformes [waterfowl], would help with viral tracking and outbreak reconstruction.
“Our lab is really interested in risk modeling,” says Moncla. “If we had a better understanding of how these viruses are circulating in wild birds and the kind of degree to which different migratory birds are driving transmission, could we have something like a forecasting system for risk over time?” For example, she continues, if risk is highest in a particular region in September, people with backyard birds in that area could be told to make sure that they are adhering fully to their biosecurity plan during that month.
While Moncla says it is unlikely that the disease will ever completely go away or be solved, she says what we can do, however, “is try to manage it from getting into agricultural animals.”
Safety always first in firearm deer season
Safety always first in firearm deer season
Nov 12, 2025
Journal Editorial Board
https://www.miningjournal.net/opinion/editorial/2025/11/safety-always-first-in-firearm-deer-season/
The annual rite known as the firearm deer season kicks off at dawn Saturday morning and continues for the final two weeks of November.
Hundreds of thousands of hunters of all ages will take to the woods in the coming days in search of a trophy buck. Regrettably, if history is any kind of indicator, there is at least a chance that a number of hunters will become injured while in the field.
From time to time, some have even died while hunting.
What follows here is is a listing of “do’s” and “don’ts” for hunters in Michigan forestlands. Most of the items are of the commonsense variety:
• Wear the bright orange hunting clothing gear so you can be easily seen and not confused with a deer. Not only is it safe but it’s also required by law.
• Do not pull the trigger unless you are certain without doubt, that your target is a deer. Sounds like a no-brainer, but you would be amazed that most hunting accidents are from hunters shooting other hunters by accident.
• Check the weather forecast and dress appropriately.
• If at all possible, avoid hunting alone.
• Take care of your hunting equipment before and after the hunt.
• Leave an itinerary before you depart, including where you plan to hunt.
• Insure the land you plan to hunt is open for that purpose. Secure permissions from private landowners.
Best of luck in the coming days and weeks. And remember, safety always comes first during deer season.
Hunting group suspended over fox-killing claims
Saboteur investigation reignites debate on fox hunting
5 hrs ago
By Daniel AngeliniSenior Reporter
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Fox hunting remains a divisive issue (Image: PA)
An investigation into reports of saboteurs interrupting a hunt near Swindon being dropped has led to renewed debate about fox hunting.
In January, members of the Severn Vale Hunt Saboteurs had the police called on them while they were attempting to stop what they believed was an illegal hunt in Radcot, near Faringdon.
During this incident, beagles were allegedly seen running in an open field.
However, the investigation has now been shelved unless new evidence is brought to light.
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This decision has reignited discussions on fox hunting and the role of the saboteurs.
Many are divided on the ethics of hunting and the actions of those who seek to disrupt hunts.
Roy Mcghie said: “They shoot loads more than all the hunts put together.”
His comment reflects a common argument that hunting practices may not be as harmful as some critics suggest.
On the opposite side of the debate, David Sterratt replied: “Difference, pest control is not sickos casing a poor animal to exhaustion.”
Woodturner Cahill replied: “Hunts are cruel actions led by cruel and inhumane people who enjoy seeing animals suffer for their entertainment.”
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Martin Newman replied: “The hunt sabs are gathering evidence that’s led to successful prosecutions because the police aren’t actively enforcing the law.
“The hunt sabs are a brave bunch and I’m full of admiration for them. Keep upholding the law you are on the right side of history.
“The League Against Cruel Sport will shift the main focus of its activity to getting game bird shooting banned. Another barbaric ‘sport’ that has no place in a modern civilised society.”
This highlights the strong emotions on both sides regarding the treatment of animals in hunting scenarios.
Woodturner Cahill added: “Hunts are cruel actions led by cruel and inhumane people who enjoy seeing animals suffer for their entertainment.
“They should all be locked up.”
Cahill’s viewpoint expresses a belief that hunting should not be tolerated in modern society, as it promotes suffering for the sake of entertainment.
Others have pointed out the complexities of the situation.
Martin Newman stated: “The hunt sabs are gathering evidence that’s led to successful prosecutions because the police aren’t actively enforcing the law.”
He expressed admiration for the saboteurs and suggested they are fulfilling an important role in protecting wildlife.
Amanda Jane remarked: “The hunts around me always catch foxes,” reaffirming the belief that hunting continues to pose a threat to wildlife.
In contrast, Neil Fox claimed: “Hunting is a natural thing for the human race,” indicating a more traditional view on the practice.
Yoel Dovid took a different stance, stating: “Hunt sabs are ideological thugs terrorising others in some perverse form of class warfare.”
Ella Hardin expressed similar concerns, noting: “As someone who disagrees with hunts, hunt sabs are just as bad the way they will treat the horses.”
She argued that while she does not support hunting, the treatment of horses by saboteurs can sometimes lead to harm, adding: “I don’t agree with the hunt or even the hounds but no one can deny their horses are kept very well most of the time, especially considering they’re usually well off and unless you’re actually running the show like the secretary or field master they’re just regular people who paid to be there.
“Hunt sabs on the other hand, while their morals can be in the right place, their actions can actually be very dangerous for the horses.
“There’s evidence of them even harming horses and frightening them so much riders are thrown off which makes them just as bad as the people they’re protesting.”
Critics of the hunts have also raised questions about the legality of their actions.
Elaine Dargan asked: “Aren’t the ‘participants’ of the hunt breaking the law?”
In response, Paul Mycock stated: “No they are not. They are ordinary people trying to have fun on their horses.”
Richard Johnson added: “The huge majority of hunts’ members are average working class folk that graft to live.”
Peter Addison argued: “The only foxes that were ever killed by hunts (pre-ban) were the sick and lame.”
Meanwhile, Chris Noon pointed out: “It would be a waste of police time” to intervene in these scenarios, suggesting that the legal issues surrounding hunting are complex and not easily resolved.
Olivia Wolfson-Green emphasized the need for hunts to demonstrate compliance with the law.
She said: “Hunting can either wait for the inevitable Parliamentary move or it can decide to demonstrate, convincingly, that trail hunting is indeed being properly conducted.
“That means going further and faster than the steps that have been taken so far.”
Her comments imply that the future of hunting may depend on how well hunts can adapt to changing societal views and legal expectations.
Phil Rushden said: “Well done hunt saboteurs! You are good people.”
Matt Wichall said: “The Sabs continuing to do great work for our wildlife and countryside!”
Lincoln County SAR team rescues lost hunter near Tidewater after late-night search
Hunting group suspended over fox-killing claims
Doctors warn hunters about heart attack risks as gun-deer season approaches
Physical demands of hunting can strain cardiovascular system, experts say
Default Mono Sans Mono Serif Sans Serif Comic Fancy Small CapsDefault X-Small Small Medium Large X-Large XX-LargeDefault Outline Dark Outline Light Outline Dark Bold Outline Light Bold Shadow Dark Shadow Light Shadow Dark Bold Shadow Light BoldDefault Black Silver Gray White Maroon Red Purple Fuchsia Green Lime Olive Yellow Navy Blue Teal Aqua OrangeDefault 100% 75% 50% 25% 0%Default Black Silver Gray White Maroon Red Purple Fuchsia Green Lime Olive Yellow Navy Blue Teal Aqua OrangeDefault 100% 75% 50% 25% 0%Walking with gear and dragging a deer put a strain on your body and your heart.
Published: Nov. 11, 2025 at 4:16 AM PST
GREEN BAY, Wis. (WBAY) – Gun-deer season is a week-and-a-half away. It’s good to start thinking of ways you’ll have a successful hunt while protecting your health.
Before you head off into the woods or fields this year, remember the physical demands of hunting can put significant strain on your cardiovascular system.
As a hunter, you often walk long distances while carrying gear or drag a heavy deer after a successful hunt.
Doctors say people with heart and lung conditions face a much higher risk of heart attack during hunting activities.
You may not be prepared to physically take on the extra stress and demand on your body.
Heart attack symptoms vary by gender
As we’ve reported at the First Alert Safety Desk, heart attack symptoms can sometimes be different between men and women. Men usually experience dizziness or lightheadedness with a racing heartbeat. Women may feel jaw or back pain and nausea.
Experts recommend you take time to calm down after a successful hunt.
“It’s hard to tell people to stay calm and relax, but that would be their best option if they are successful on their hunt,” said Megan Johnson, a nurse practitioner at Aspirus Cardiology. “This is for anybody, not necessarily hunters, but hunters especially because they’re doing extreme physical activity when they’re hunting.”
Reducing health risks
Doctors say, don’t ignore any symptoms you might be having.
A way to reduce your risk is by exercising 5 days a week for at least 30 minutes, eating a heart-healthy, low-sodium diet and staying hydrated.
It’s also recommended you get plenty of sleep the night before going for your hunt.
Wisconsin DNR safety reminders
That brings us to some good reminders from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources:
- Make sure you practice tree stand safety. Always wear a full-body harness, also known as a fall-arrest system.
- Practice gun safety, including treating every firearm as if it’s loaded.
- Make sure at least 50% of your outer clothing above the waist is blaze orange or fluorescent pink.
People Are Allowed to Kill As Many Wolves As They Want in This State, With No Limits on Brutal Methods Used
- by: Care2 Team
- recipient: Wyoming lawmakers
63,965 SUPPORTERS
65,000 GOAL
A man in Wyoming became infamous for horrible abuse against a wild wolf he captured and later killed, yet at the time he was barely punished. Why? Because in most of Wyoming, killing wolves is completely legal – and hunters can use any method at all to do so.
Sign the petition to demand Wyoming lawmakers finally issue protections for wildlife, including wolves, to shield them from such cruelty and slaughter!
The so-called “Wolf Captor” of Wyoming made international headlines after he injured a wolf cub – using a snowmobile to run it over until it could hardly move – and then muzzled the animal, keeping it captive and parading it around town, before ultimately killing it.
He even brought the defenseless wolf to his local bar, where he took photos grinning while holding a beer in one hand – and roping the terrified animal in close. After he was done, he took the captive wolf out back behind that very same bar. And then he shot and killed it, after it had out-lived its entertainment purposes.
Yet since wolves are considered vermin and predators in most of Wyoming, the state’s Game and Fish department only penalized him with a $250 fine. Now, a year later, he’s finally being faced with felony animal cruelty charges.
But even now, his callous slaughter of this majestic animal is actually still perfectly legal. And Wyoming lawmakers still haven’t set limits on how people are allowed to kill wolves. Torturous trapping, violent explosive and firearms, sadistic vehicle collisions – all are acceptable. Even worse: there are no limits on how many wolves a person is allowed to kill.
Sign the petition to demand that Wyoming leaders change the law to show proper respect for wildlife, including wolves. They are living beings who feel pain and pleasure, and should never be treated so ruthlessly. They must save wolves from wanton killings and implement protections for these incredible animals now!
Exposing the Big Game 