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Avian influenza or ‘bird flu’ has devastated wildlife across South America. Antarctica could be next
2:49 pm on 8 January 2024 Share this
![[Weddell Sea, Snow Hill Island, Antarctica] A nursery group of Emperor penguin chicks, huddled together, looking around. A breeding colony. (Photo by David Schultz / Mint Images / Mint Images via AFP)](https://media.rnztools.nz/rnz/image/upload/s--Js-2uSRi--/ar_16:10,c_fill,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto,w_1050/v1692902178/4L3QHNK_074_8072_jpg)
There are fears for Antarctica’s wildlife after discovery of potential case of H5N1 bird flu. Photo: David Schultz / Mint Images via AFP
By Jano Gibson for the ABC
It’s only a suspected case for now, but the discovery in the past week of a single bird with potential avian influenza could mark the realisation of scientists’ worst fears.
For months, the highly contagious and deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu has been tearing a path of devastation across South America.
Now there are concerns the disease may have finally reached the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, on the western side of the continent.
“The impact will potentially be catastrophic,” Dr. Michelle Wille, a senior research fellow at the Centre for Pathogen Genomics at the University of Melbourne, said.
The suspected case, which is listed on the Antarctic Wildlife Health Network’s database, involves a gull-like bird known as a brown skua.
It was observed by researchers on an outcrop called Heroina Island.
Getting confirmation of the case is difficult, as samples cannot always be collected in remote locations.
And even if they are, it can take many days, if not weeks, to analyse them at laboratories thousands of kilometres away.
If the latest suspected case is avian influenza, it would be the closest the disease has been to Antarctica, after previously being detected as near as the Falkland Islands and South Georgia Island.
Preventing its further spread across the frozen continent – including the vast section in the east claimed by Australia – is near impossible.
“In South America, the virus travelled the entire 6,000-kilometre spine in about six months,” Wille said.
“So this virus has the capacity to move vast distances, fast.
“We can only hope that it does not reach the Australian Antarctic Territory this austral summer.
“If it does, it will likely do so with a trail of destruction.”
Elephant seal pups suffer 70 percent mortality rate
A study released late last month reaffirmed the devastating impact of the disease.
The report, published in Marine Mammal Science, analysed data from an outbreak among southern elephant seals at Peninsula Valdez in Argentina in early October.
About 70 percent of the 1891 seal pups born along a 13-kilometre stretch of coastline during the peak breeding season died.
During the same period a year earlier, the mortality rate was less than 1 percent.
By extrapolating the results across the region’s entire colony, researchers estimate around 17,400 seal pups succumbed to the deadly disease.
Where thousands of weaned pups would normally be expected in late October and early November, only 58 were seen.
The researchers also observed dozens of adult seal carcasses in an area where seeing dead adults is a rare event. Other seals displayed symptoms including head tremors, lack of coordination, and nasal discharges.
But it is not just southern elephant seals that have been affected by avian influenza.
A network of avian influenza experts, known as OFFLU, has reported the deaths of more than half-a-million birds and 50,000 mammals since the disease was first detected in South America.
They include 262,000 cormorants, 62,000 Peruvian pelicans, 32,000 sea lions and 4000 Humboldt penguins.
“Updates from our Southern American colleagues are consistently distressing given the scale of mortality recorded on the continent,” Wille said.
No indication of avian influenza ‘slowing down’
As a member for the Antarctic Wildlife Health Network, Wille is bracing for avian influenza’s anticipated spread across the vast icy wilderness.
“In the Antarctic, we have a high proportion of species that are found nowhere else in the world.
“So [the] effects could be catastrophic,” she said.
The continent is home to 48 bird species and 26 marine mammals, including many that congregate in small areas to breed.
“[The impact] could include not only emblematic species such as Emperor Penguins, but all the incredible marine mammals are at risk as well.
“In addition to direct effects, like mass mortality events, we may also see ecosystem level impacts if so many animals are ‘removed’ from the ecosystems, which is what we saw following the mass removal of whales due to whaling.”
Fears about its spread are not limited to Antarctica.
Scientists expect avian influenza to eventually reach Australia and other areas across the Pacific.
The most likely incursion will come from Asia or North America, but researchers say it is plausible it could arrive from Antarctica.
“There is no indication that this devastation is slowing down anytime soon,” Wille said.
“I and all my colleagues are extremely distressed by the situation and the carnage we are observing globally.”
Experts working with the Australian Antarctic Program have travelled to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic this summer to monitor wildlife for signs of the H5N1 strain of the disease.
The Australian Antarctic Division has also implemented precautionary protocols to reduce the risk of spreading avian influenza among birds, marine mammals, or even humans.
Tragic Hunting Accident Claims Life of Promising Young Woman in Virginia
6-year-old Avery Davis honored with donations to youth hunting organizations during Grand American
A family who just lost their 6-year-old son was helping raise funds for what he loved to do most at the Grand American Coon Hunt in Orangeburg.
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Author: Peyton Lewis
Published: 8:16 PM EST January 6, 2024
Updated: 10:40 PM EST January 6, 2024
ORANGEBURG COUNTY, S.C. — A family is turning tragedy into their motivation to give back to children who love to hunt.
Jeremy Davis, the father of 6-year-old Avery Davis, who was killed in a hunting accident in November, reflected on the loss of his son and the outpouring of support from the community at the 60th Annual Grand American Coon Hunt in Orangeburg over the weekend. Davis says this year’s hunt feels different.
“If he was here today, he’d be out there in the rain. He’d be out there playing in the rain and I’d be having to fuss at him so, it’s different without him. I mean, he was like my shadow, he went everywhere with me,” Davis said.
In the last month, local artists have created two hats with special logos for Avery that his father’s business, Carolina Coon Hunters Supply LLC., has been selling to raise money for youth hunting organizations that kids like Avery benefit from, like the United Kennel Club Youth, PKC Youth, North Carolina State Youth, and the South Carolina State Youth Program.
“Just the support of everybody, from friends and hunters alike, other dealers and vendors, it just shows you the tight-knit community that we are,” Davis said. “We’re always looking to help people and just do for others, and unfortunately, it was our turn with Avery; you know, we suffered a loss with him, and just everybody has done so much for us, so whatever we can do to give back and just keep the circle going, because that’s how it works, whatever we can do for one another because that’s the type of people hunters are.”
RELATED: Hunting community rallies around family of six-year-old killed in hunting accident
The owner of Bright Eyes Lights and the sponsor for this year’s Grand American, Ray Conrad, also made a hunting light inspired by Avery.
“What a horrific accident that happened to this young man Avery and his dad; my heart breaks for their family and friends, so when this happened, I was thinking about what I could do that could help impact in some way,” Conrad said. “We came up with an Avery Edition youth light that we sell, and we marketed all of them to that. We’re giving a portion of the proceeds from each sale to the South Carolina Youth Fund for the South Carolina State Association. All this money for the State Association goes for the kid’s youth hunts as well as provide some scholarships for the kids.”
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Avery was also an organ donor; according to his father, five people will benefit from these donations.
Through all this kindness from their hunting community, the Davis family ensures Avery’s memory stays in everyone’s hearts.
“There’s a beautiful logo that’s been developed for him, and I hope I see it 20 years from now being put on things, you know, ‘Avery Edition,’ but the little kid has left a lasting impact on a lot of people,” Conrad said.
For every Avery edition item purchased, $5 will be donated to the South Carolina State Coonhunters Association youth account in Avery’s memory.
RELATED: Father hopes legacy of child killed in tragic hunting accident will live on through organ donation
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Nearly 80 million birds die in almost two years of bird flu
Some 20.9 million birds were culled in infected domestic flocks from October through December to prevent the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
By Staff Author
and
https://www.agriculture.com/nearly-80-million-birds-die-in-almost-two-years-of-bird-flu-8422689
Published on January 5, 2024
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One-fourth of U.S. losses to bird flu in outbreaks that began in early 2022 were recorded in the past three months, when the viral disease staged a resurgence, according to USDA data released on Thursday. Some 20.9 million birds were culled in infected domestic flocks from October through December to prevent the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
Bird flu hit egg farms so severely in 2022 that egg prices soared 32% above the 2021 average, the largest increase for any of the food categories tracked by the USDA during a year of high food inflation. With flocks rebuilt, egg prices rose only marginally in 2023 and are forecast to fall 12% this year.
“HPAI was confirmed in egg layers in November 2023 for the first time since December 2022. Price impacts of the outbreak will be monitored closely,” said USDA economists two weeks ago.
A total of 79.7 million domestic birds, mostly egg-laying hens and turkeys being raised for human consumption, have died from HPAI or in eradication efforts since the first confirmed outbreak on Feb. 8, 2022. Since then, the disease has been confirmed in 1,059 flocks in 47 states. Because bird flu can wipe out a flock quickly, standard practice for agricultural officials is to kill all the birds in an infected flock and monitor nearby farms in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus.
Some owners of large poultry operations have received millions of dollars in indemnities for the loss of flocks due to HPAI in 2022 and 2023. Rembrandt Enterprises in Iowa received $17.3 million, Cold Spring Egg Farm in Wisconsin received $12.1 million, and Sunrise Farms in Iowa received $6.6 million, according to California veterinarian Crystal Heath, who filed a public records request for the information. “Killing animals is big business — a big taxpayer-subsidized business. You are paying for it whether you eat animals or not,” said Heath on social media.
USDA press aides were not immediately available to discuss HPAI indemnities or modifications to the department’s HPAI database, which is now focused on recent outbreaks, especially those occurring in the past 30 days.
“While it also includes summary data compiled since the outbreak began, looking at cases confirmed over the last 30 days provides the best picture of how the virus is currently impacting U.S. birds,” said the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, which compiled the database. “We expect the number of cases to ebb and flow as the level of virus continues to change in different areas based on wild bird movement.”
HPAI is most prevalent during the cold months. Officials say the disease is spread by migratory waterfowl. They advise owners to keep their flocks away from wild birds and to follow biosecurity practices, such as changing footwear, to prevent accidental contamination of bird housing. The ongoing HPAI outbreak is the worst U.S. animal disease event ever and is far larger than the 2014-15 outbreak that killed 50 million birds in commercial flocks.
Evolution Led Humans into a Trap
The cultural forces that fueled our success now threaten to end it.
- BY KRISTEN FRENCH
- January 5, 2024
- Share https://nautil.us/evolution-led-humans-into-a-trap-483792/
Evolution has led humans into a dark corner, according to a new study. We bonded into groups to solve local problems. Sometimes we shared our solutions with neighboring groups, and they shared theirs with us. The spread of knowledge was a good thing. Culture led to cooperation.
But the scale and impact of human groups has kept growing, and the finite resources of Earth have not. Competition for resources has escalated, and global governance doesn’t appear to be in our nature. The authors’ conclusion is not a hopeful one: “Ours is a bleak reading of the possibilities of the future of environmental management and human evolution on Earth.”
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I asked Tim Waring of the University of Maine professor, a coauthor of the study, what gives.
As you say in your paper, over the past 100,000 years or so, human adaptation to the environment has been driven by culture. How has this contributed to our current predicament?
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In order to understand how the Anthropocene could emerge from an evolutionary perspective, you look at the span of human history, and you have to ask the question: What makes us unique?
We see two strong themes. One is culture, our ability to react to the environment, and then to pass on the socially learned information or behavior we’ve accumulated, to modify and improve it, test it, and pass it on again. So that gives us cultural inheritance, which we have used to adapt more rapidly to the environment than other species.
The second major theme is that we don’t just adapt individually, we do it in groups. Because of the way we share information and cooperate, we’re really good at exploiting our shared knowledge as a group to do better than other species can. To not just capture one buffalo, but capture many. To divide up our labor and do agriculture.
Humans come preloaded genetically and culturally with the willingness to go in on risky endeavors.
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Why can’t we use this capacity to transcend the current crisis?
My previous research—and my research generally—focuses on trying to understand when humans come together to share limited environmental resources. We do that all the time. In fact, that is one of the ways that I argue we’ve dominated the planet. But one of the common factors that determines whether we will succeed at solving environmental challenges, according to my prior research, is scale. The resource in question has to be available at a scale where a group of humans can manage it. If it’s too big, we fail. So, for example, ocean fisheries are too big for any one individual nation to control because they are global and every other nation is also harvesting them.
Another factor that has historically made it possible for us to solve environmental challenges is that many individual populations are separately trying to solve the problem at the same time. So one group fails and another group succeeds or succeeds a little bit, and other groups observe this, so we can learn and adapt culturally as a group from the solutions that are out there and improve on them. For example, our modern systems of canal irrigation and reservoirs, with complex dams and gates, didn’t emerge overnight. Some groups copied what other groups had done and improved it and improved it again over a long, long period of time. But there is only one global system on Earth.
Another major challenge is that if you look at managing the biosphere, it’s an extremely complicated thing to do, really technically demanding and complex. But we don’t have a global society or government than can manage it. If we wanted to tax carbon globally, there’s no government that can say, “Yeah, we’re taxing carbon globally.”
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Is there anything that gives you hope that we can break out of this evolutionary trap?
Even though the cooperation dynamics do not look good, the fact is that humans come preloaded genetically and culturally with the willingness to go in on risky endeavors with groups of people and to cooperate with them even when the outcome is unknown. We do that again and again. We’re also pretty intelligent. But we have to solve this on the first go, and usually it takes us multiple tries to solve big environmental problems.
We don’t have time for multiple tries.
We don’t have enough time. And we don’t have neighboring planets to learn from. If we were able to look at Mars and say, “Wow, Mars did a terrible job with their atmosphere, let’s not do that,” that would really help. 
Exposing the Big Game 